Njengento eyingqayizivele yasendulo kanye nenqubo emisebenzini yezandla yendabuko yaseShayina yasendulo, ingilazi yasendulo yaseShayina inomlando namagugu amasiko eminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000.
Imvelaphi yengilazi enemibala ayikaze ifane, futhi ayikho indlela yokuyihlola.Yindaba endala kuphela ethi "Izinyembezi zika-Xi Shi" eye yadluliselwa phansi ukuze kuqoshwe isikhathi sothando lwaphakade.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, uFan Li wenzela uGou Jian inkemba yenkosi, inkosi esanda kungena esikhundleni saseYue.Kwathatha iminyaka emithathu ukuyifeza.Lapho u-Wang Jian ezalwa, u-Fan Li wathola into eyimpushana engumlingo esikhunjeni senkemba.Lapho ihlanganiswa nekristalu, yayicwebile kodwa inomsindo wensimbi.U-Fan Li ukholelwa ukuthi le nto yenziwe yacwengwa ngomlilo, futhi i-Yin nokuthambile kwekristalu kufihlwe kuyo.Inakho kokubili umoya we-hegemonic wenkemba yenkosi kanye nomuzwa othambile wamanzi, okutholakala kakhulu ngokudalwa kwe-yin ne-Yang ezulwini nasemhlabeni.Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwento lwalubizwa ngokuthi "Kendo" futhi lwethulwa enkosini yaseYue kanye nenkemba yenkosi ekhandiwe.
Inkosi yaseYue yazisa igalelo likaFan Li ekwenzeni inkemba, yamukela inkemba yenkosi, kodwa yabuyisela i-"Kendo" yokuqala futhi yaqamba le nto yomlingo ngokuthi "Li" egameni layo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Fan Li wayesanda kuhlangana no-Xi Shi futhi wahlatshwa umxhwele ubuhle bakhe.Wayecabanga ukuthi izinto ezijwayelekile njengegolide, isiliva, i-jade ne-jade azikwazi ukuhambisana ne-Xi Shi.Ngakho-ke, wavakashela izingcweti ezinekhono futhi wenza i-"Li" ebizwa ngegama lakhe ibe ubucwebe obuhle futhi wayinika u-Xi Shi njengophawu lothando.
Kungazelelwe, impi yaphinde yagqashuka kulo nyaka.Ezwa ukuthi uFu Chai, inkosi yaseWu, wayeqeqesha amabutho akhe imini nobusuku, ngenhloso yokuhlasela izwe laseYue ukuze aphindiselele uyise, uGou Jian wanquma ukushaya kuqala.Isiyalo esibuhlungu sikaFan Li sehlulekile.Isimo sase-Yue sagcina sinqotshiwe futhi sacishe sanqotshwa.U-Xi Shi waphoqeleka ukuthi aye esifundazweni saseWu ukuze enze ukuthula.Ngesikhathi sokuhlukana, u-Xi Shi ubuyisele u-"Li" ku-Fan Li.Kuthiwa izinyembezi zikaXi Shi zehla ku-"Li" zanyakazisa umhlaba, ilanga nenyanga.Kuze kube yimanje, sisabona izinyembezi zikaXi Shi zigeleza kuyo.Izizukulwane ezilandelayo ziyibiza ngokuthi "Liu Li".Ingilazi yanamuhla enombala ivele kuleli gama.
Ngo-1965, kwavubukulwa inkemba yasendulo eyinganekwane, eye yahlala izinkulungwane zeminyaka kodwa ebukhali njengakuqala, ethuneni No. 1 laseJiangling, esifundazweni saseHubei.Igridi yenkemba ihunyushwe ngezingcezu ezimbili zengilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Izinhlamvu ze-bird seal emzimbeni wenkemba zibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi "uGou Jian, inkosi yaseYue, inkemba ezibambayo".Ingilazi enemibala ehlotshiswe enkembeni kaGou Jian, inkosi yase-Yue, iwumkhiqizo wengilazi wakudala kakhulu otholwe kuze kube manje.Kwaziqondanela ukuthi, "Enkembeni ye-Fu Chai, inkosi yase-Wu" etholakala esiFundazweni sase-Huixian, eSifundazweni sase-Henan, izingilazi ezintathu ezinombala ezingenambala nezibonisa ngale zafakwa ohlakeni.
Izinduna ezimbili zenkathi yasentwasahlobo neNkwindla, ezazibambeke izimpilo zazo zonke, zabusa umhlaba wonke ngezimpumelelo zazo ezivelele."Inkemba yenkosi" ayilona nje uphawu lwesikhundla nesimo, kodwa futhi ibhekwa yibona njengento eyigugu njengokuphila.Amakhosi amabili ayinganekwane athatha ingilazi enombala ngenhlanhla njengokuwukuphela komhlobiso ezinkembeni zawo, okwengeza izimfihlakalo ezimbalwa kule nganekwane mayelana nemvelaphi yengilazi yasendulo enemibala yesiFulentshi.
Asikwazi ukuqinisekisa umsuka we-glaze yase-China yakudala.Ziningi kuphela izinganekwane zomuntu noma zezinganekwane ngaphambi kwenganekwane yezinyembezi zikaXi Shi.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nenganekwane yomsuka wengilazi yaseNtshonalanga, inganekwane ka-Fan Li ephonsa inkemba kanye nokusungula ingilazi enemibala inothando kakhulu esikweni lamaShayina.
Kuthiwa ingilazi yasungulwa ngabaseFenike (Lebanese).Eminyakeni engu-3000 edlule, iqembu lamatilosi aseFenike ayethutha i-soda yemvelo abasa umlilo ogwini lolwandle oLwandle iMedithera.Basebenzisa izigaxa ezinkulu zesoda ukuze bamise izinyawo zabo futhi babeke ibhodwe elikhulu.Ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, abantu bathola into efana neqhwa emalahleni omlilo.Ngemva kokuxuba i-silica, ingxenye eyinhloko yesihlabathi, ne-sodium carbonate, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-soda, yancibilika ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi yaba ingilazi ye-sodium.
Omunye wathi ingilazi yavela eGibhithe lasendulo futhi yatholwa ingcweti yezitsha zobumba ehlakaniphile necophelelayo lapho idubula izitsha zobumba.
Eqinisweni, uma sesizihlaziye ngombono wezemfundo, lezi zinganekwane ngokushesha zilahlekelwa isisekelo sazo sokuba khona.
Iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-silica licishe libe ngama-degree angu-1700, kanti indawo yokuncibilika yengilazi ye-sodium eyakhiwe nge-sodium njengoba i-flux nayo icishe ibe yi-1450 degrees.Ngisho noma kusetshenziswa amalahle asezingeni eliphezulu esimanje, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni esivamile lingama-degree angama-600 kuphela, ingasaphathwa eye-bonfire eminyakeni engu-3000 edlule.Mayelana nezinga lokushisa, inkolelo-mbono yobumba yaseGibhithe yasendulo kuphela engenzeka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinganekwane zaseMpumalanga nasentshonalanga, nakuba "ithiyori yokuphonsa inkemba" inezinganekwane ezihlukile zesiShayina nemibala yothando, isenokuthembeka okuphezulu emibonweni yenyama namakhemikhali.Singabunaki ubuqiniso bemininingwane yenganekwane, kodwa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemvelaphi yengilazi yaseShayina yasendulo kanye neyengilazi yaseNtshonalanga ufanele ukunakwa kwethu okuphezulu.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali engilazi engavubukuliwe, ukugeleza okuyinhloko kwengilazi yaseShayina "i-lead ne-barium" (okuseduze kakhulu nekristalu yemvelo), kuyilapho ingilazi yasendulo yaseNtshonalanga yakhiwa ikakhulukazi "i-sodium ne-calcium" ( okufanayo namafasitela engilazi nezibuko ezisetshenziswa namuhla).Kwifomula yengilazi yaseNtshonalanga, "i-barium" cishe ayiveli, kanjalo nokusetshenziswa kwe "lead".Ingilazi yangempela equkethe umthofu eNtshonalanga ayizange isetshenziswe kabanzi kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18, okungaphezu kweminyaka engu-2000 ngemuva kobuchwepheshe bengilazi basendulo baseShayina.
Siyazi ukuthi izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe izinto zethusi liphezulu kakhulu, futhi ayikho inkinga nge-"silicon dioxide", ingxenye eyinhloko yengilazi encibilikayo.Okwesibili, ifomula ye-bronze ware idinga ukwengeza umthofu (galena) ne-tin ethusi.I-Barium iyi-symbiosis yokuhola yasendulo (galena) futhi ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke ukuhlalisana komthofu ne-barium engilazini yasendulo akunakugwenywa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhunta sesihlabathi esasisetshenziselwa ukuphonsa izinkemba ezikhathini zasendulo sasiqukethe i-silica eningi, eyakha ingilazi.Izinga lokushisa.Lapho izimo zokuguquguquka zifinyelelwa, konke okunye kuzolandela ngokwemvelo.
Kuma-monographs amaningi aseShayina, kushiwo ukuthi ingilazi enemibala yenziwa ngokuxuba umama ohlakaniphile kanye netshe lengilazi elinemibala.
Ngokwenkulumo kaQian Weishan yebhizinisi, labo abakhonza uMgcinimafa kaChen bayingcebo yokhokho babo... Uma umama wengilazi enemibala eyimali namuhla, izoba nkulu futhi ibe mncane njengesibhakela sezingane.Ibizwa nangokuthi into yeThempeli langempela.Kodwa-ke, ingenziwa ibe yisimo se-Ke Zi, enombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi nomhlophe olandela umbala, kodwa awukwazi ukwenziwa ngokwawo.
I-Tiangong Kaiwu - Iparele ne-jade: zonke izinhlobo zamatshe acwebezelisiwe namakristalu aseShayina.Thatha umuzi ngomlilo.Ziwuhlobo olufanayo... Yonke imibala emihlanu yamatshe azo i.Le mvelo yezulu nomhlaba ifihliwe endaweni elula.Itshe lemvelo elicwebezelisiwe liya ngokuya liyindlala, ikakhulukazi eliyigugu.
Irekhodi lobuchwepheshe "lokuthatha leyo crystal nokuyibuyisela kokuluhlaza" kumarekhodi engxubevange ka-Yan Shan - ingilazi enemibala iphinde ibonise ukuqhubeka kwalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe.
Uma sibheka izinsalela zamasiko ezatholwa namuhla, isikhathi lapho ingilazi ekhanyayo ibonakala eNtshonalanga cishe ngonyaka wama-200 BC, cishe eminyakeni engama-300 kamuva kunesikhathi lapho kwavela khona ingilazi yasendulo yamaShayina, futhi isikhathi lapho kwavela khona ingilazi ekhanyayo cishe ngonyaka ka-1500 AD, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1000. kamuva kunesikrini sengilazi seWu Lord ngesikhathi seMibuso Emithathu eqoshwe ezincwadini.Isikhathi lapho amakristalu okwenziwa (afana nezingxenye zengilazi) avela eNtshonalanga cishe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2000 kamuva kunokubonakala kwengilazi yasendulo yamaShayina.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, isimo somzimba sempahla ecwebezelayo yaseShayina yasendulo enomlando omude kufanele sichazwe njengesimo sekristalu esisobala (noma esikhanyayo).Ngokombono wezinsalela zamasiko ezambiwa, impahla yokuqala ecwebezelayo eyatholwa namuhla isewumhlobiso othi "Gou Jian inkemba yenkosi yaseYue".Ngokwezinto zokwakha, ingilazi enemibala iyinto yasendulo futhi inqubo ihluke ngokuphelele ku-crystal nengilazi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2019